OCEAN: The Big 5 Personality Factors

OCEAN Test:
https://openpsychometrics.org/tests/IPIP-BFFM/

Factor I was labelled as Extroversion by the developers of the IPIP-BFFM. Factor I is sometimes given other names, such as Surgency or Positive Emotionality.  Individuals who score high on Factor I one are outgoing and social. Individuals who score low tend to be shut ins.

• Extraversion:
  • Enthusiasm - positive emotion and sociability
  • Assertiveness - drive and dominance

Factor II is labeled as Emotional Stability. Factor II is often referred to by other names, such as Neruoticism or Negative Emotionality (in these two cases interpretations are inverted, as Neruoticism and Negative Emotionality can be though of as the opposite of Emotional Stability).

• Neuroticism:
• Volatility - irritability, anger, and difficulty controlling emotional impulses
• Withdrawal - susceptibility to anxiety, worry, depression, and sadness

Factor III is labeled as Agreeableness. A person high in agreeableness is friendly and optimistic. Low scorers are critical and aggressive.

• Agreeableness:
• Compassion - empathetic emotional affiliation
• Politeness - consideration and respect for others' needs and desires

Factor IV is labeled as Conscientiousness. Individuals who score high on this factor are careful and diligent. Low scorers are impulsive and disorganized.

• Conscientiousness:
• Industriousness - working hard and avoiding distraction
• Orderliness - organization and methodicalness

Factor V is labeled as Intellect/Imagination. This factor is also often called Openness to Experience. People who score low tend to be traditional and conventional.

• Openness/Intellect (or Openness to Experience):
• Intellect - ingenuity, quickness, and intellectual engagement
• Openness - imagination, fantasy, and artistic and aesthetic interests

The two metatraits are Stability, which is composed of Big Five factors of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotional Stability (the reverse of Neuroticism) and Plasticity, which includes the Big Five factors of Extraversion and Openness/Intellect (commonly referred to as Openness to Experience). Stability is defined by one's maintenance of stability and hypothesized to be related to the neurotransmitter serotonin, while Plasticity is seen in one's adaptability to novelty and hypothesized to be related to the neurotransmitter dopamine.